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冲天炉与电炉熔炼灰铁的区别
[来源:www.zhongpinshebei.com] [作者:aywl] [日期:17-04-14]

冲天炉与电炉熔炼灰铁的区别 The difference between the cupola and electric furnace smelting grey iron 发达国家深知冲天炉的不可替代性,严格的环保排放标准并没有淘汰冲天炉。铸造产业集约化开发出30t/h~100t/h大型自热风冲天炉。现代冲天炉有完善的热风除尘系统,捕捉焦炭余烬消除灰尘,送入冲天炉的空气可常预热到600℃,个别高达900℃。一般而言;热风要达到450℃以上才能强化焦炭的扩散燃烧,提高熔化率获得高温优质铁液,降低合金元素烧损并提高冲天炉的热效率[2]。 Know that the irreplaceability of the cupola of developed countries, the strict environment protection standards does not eliminate the cupola. Intensive foundry industry developed 30 t/h ~ 100 t/h large hot air cupola. Modern cupola has perfect air dust removal system, capture the coke embers to eliminate dust, into the air in the cupola can often preheat to 600 ℃, the individual is as high as 900 ℃. In general; Hot air to reach above 450 ℃ can strengthen the spread of coke burning, improving melting rate to obtain high quality iron liquid, reduce the alloy elements loss and improve the thermal efficiency of cupola [2]. 国内小于10吨/h的密筋炉胆冲天炉,风温200℃-300℃,采用反应能力强的冶金焦、固定碳含量低,焦炭消耗量高、铁液氧化严重。有人估计铸件废品有50%与冲天熔炼有关。我国多数铸造厂废品率高达8%~12%。然而国外先进厂可将铸件废品率控制在2%以内。 Domestic steel furnace of less than 10 t/h cupola, blast temperature 200 ℃ to 300 ℃, the reaction ability of metallurgical coke, fixed carbon content is low, the coke consumption is high, the iron melt oxidation. Some estimates put the casting scrap 50% related to how melting. Our country most foundry rejection rate as high as 8% ~ 12%. However, the foreign advanced factory casting rejection rate can be controlled within 2%. 现代新型冲天炉,采用固定碳在90%左右的铸造焦,出铁温度可以超过1500℃.冲天炉熔炼生铁、废钢,铁液滴下行经过1800℃炽热底焦,炉内伴有氧化还原冶金反应,鈦、铝等位于FeO氧势线以下,可以被氧化到痕量水平[3]。冲天炉铁液有大量硫、氧化物,形成灰铸铁凝固结晶核心,减少铸铁的过冷度。 Modern new cupola, the use of fixed carbon in about 90% of coke, the tapping temperature can exceed 1500 ℃. Cupola melting pig iron and scrap steel, iron droplets downward after 1800 ℃ hot coke bed, furnace with REDOX metallurgical reaction, titanium, aluminum etc in FeO oxygen potential below the line, can be oxidized to trace level [3]. Cupola liquid has a lot of sulfur, iron oxide, the formation of gray cast iron solidification core, reduce the undercooling degree of cast iron. 中频电炉替代5吨/时以下冲天炉势在必然。电炉熔炼氧化烧损少,铁液成分和温度可以准确控制,铁液质量较为稳定。电炉熔炼存在铁液电磁搅拌作用,利于加入钢铁切屑和细小边角料。 Intermediate frequency electric furnace instead of 5 tons/cupola hindering the following. Electric furnace smelting oxidation burning loss is little, the composition and temperature of molten iron can accurately control, liquid iron quality more stable. Electric furnace smelting iron liquid electromagnetic stirring effect, to add the steel scraps and small leftover material. 中频电炉作业便于实现熔炼过程计算机控制,如: Intermediate frequency electric furnace operation to realize computer control smelting process, such as: ⑴原辅材料管理、配料计算、等; (1) raw material management, charge calculation, etc.; ⑵自动冷启动控制炉衬烧结时间,延长炉衬寿命,自动控制熔炼过程; Automatic cold start control lining sintering time, extend the service life of furnace lining, automatic control smelting process; ⑶自动监测炉况,对电源、炉体、炉衬、水冷系统预测故障,增加安全、减少损害。 (3) automatic monitoring furnace condition, the power supply, furnace, furnace lining, water cooling system to predict fault, increase safety, reduce the damage. 但是,中频电炉由于热量来自电流对熔池铁液的强烈搅拌。来自磁力线在电场的作用下,造成铁液翻滚,如高温下保温时间过长,硫氧化物聚集,上浮,排出。结晶核心保存较少,铁水白口倾向较大,性能恶化。由于炉料在电炉的熔化过程是以加热重熔为主,炉内的冶金反应远比冲天炉简单,有害微量元素保留较多。这是电炉熔化铸铁的一个需要人们十分重视的问题。 However, intermediate frequency electric furnace due to the intensity of the heat from current for melting ChiTie liquid mixing. From the lines of magnetic force under the action of electric field, resulting in liquid iron roll, such as high temperature holding time is too long, sulfur oxide gathered, buoyancy, eduction. Crystal core save less, molten iron chilling tendency is larger, the performance deterioration. Because of the burden in the electric furnace melting process is to heat the remelting, furnace of metallurgical reaction is far simpler to cupola harmful trace elements is more reserved. This is the electric furnace melting cast iron a need people attach great importance to the problem.

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